These characteristics lead to the golden rules for op-amps. Readily available, inexpensive IC op-amps have characteristics which are reasonable approximations of an ideal op-amp (data from Simpson): The output stage includes current limiting circuitry. A pnp emitter follower drives a push-pull emitter follower output stage. This is followed by an npn voltage amplification stage with an active output. It starts with a differential input stage with a current mirror load. The standard 741 Op-amp circuit contains 20 transistors and 11 resistors. Though it has some practical limitations, the 741 is an electronic bargain at less than a dollar. Introduced by Fairchild in 1968, the 741 and subsequent IC op-amps including FET-input op-amps have become the standard tool for achieving amplification and a host of other tasks. The integrated circuit contains 20 transistors and 11 resistors. The most common and most famous op-amp is the mA741C or just 741, which is packaged in an 8-pin mini-DIP. HyperPhysics***** Electricity and magnetism Their characteristics often approach that of the ideal op-amp and can be understood with the help of the golden rules. Used with feedback, with gain determined by the feedback network.Used with split supply, usually +/- 15V Some integrated circuit packages will have a small round indentation or a dot next to pin 1 to.
High input impedance, low output impedance The abbreviation LM358 indicates an 8-pin integrated circuit, comprising two operational amplifiers at low power.Some ofthe general characteristics of the IC versionare: The modern integrated circuit version is typified by the famous 741 op-amp. The term operational amplifier or "op-amp" refers to a class of high-gain DC coupled amplifiers with two inputs and a single output. Operational Amplifiers Operational Amplifiers
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